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West Chester native Smedley Darlington Butler started as a celebrated war hero and ended it as one of the military-industrial complex’s most outspoken critics.
Along the way, he became a Marine Corps major general, fought in World War I, was awarded 16 medals, and served as Philadelphia’s director of public safety.
Butler was also central to a controversy known as the “Business Plot,” in which a group of fascists allegedly tried to recruit him to lead an army of 150,000 and stage a coup to overthrow then-U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
In the meantime, he found time to speak about…dating. Here’s a recap of some of the high points of the wild ride that was Butler’s time on this planet.
For this week’s “Headline of Yore” we focus on a frivolous (and sexist) 1930s dating story that is tangentially related to an alleged plot to overthrow the president.
— Avi Wolfman-Arent (@Avi_WA) August 26, 2021
From today’s Inquirer in 1933:
“Butler Assumes New Role; Gives Women Tips on Love”
Let’s thread! pic.twitter.com/hx4tdoqF0p
First, I want to thank @rw_briggs for alerting me to the existence of Smedley D. Butler.
— Avi Wolfman-Arent (@Avi_WA) August 26, 2021
Butler has one of the craziest bios of any Philadelphian I’ve come across. And this thread is basically an excuse to talk about him.
Butler was born in West Chester in 1881 to a prominent Society of Friends family. But “The Fighting Quaker” quickly became famous for his wartime exploits. pic.twitter.com/08Z7F5Yg6U
— Avi Wolfman-Arent (@Avi_WA) August 26, 2021
During America’s early years of empire, Butler served in almost every conceivable conflict: the Spanish-American War, the Boxer Rebellion, the Banana Wars. You name it, Butler was there…becoming one of the most decorated marines ever and rising to the rank of Major General. pic.twitter.com/Y6FNnCLdpL
— Avi Wolfman-Arent (@Avi_WA) August 26, 2021
There are so many Butler tangents I could go on…but I’ll do a couple of quick ones…
— Avi Wolfman-Arent (@Avi_WA) August 26, 2021
While in Quantico, Virginia he dug up Stonewall Jackson’s arm and reburied in a metal box…
— Avi Wolfman-Arent (@Avi_WA) August 26, 2021
As Philadelphia director of public safety in the 1920s he allegedly raided 900 speakeasies, supplied sawed-off shotguns to a squad of cops, and gave profanity-laden radio addresses to the public.
— Avi Wolfman-Arent (@Avi_WA) August 26, 2021
He was court-martialed after he publicly repeated allegations that Benito Mussolini had been part of a hit and run that killed a child…thus enraging the Italian government.
— Avi Wolfman-Arent (@Avi_WA) August 26, 2021
Again…these are just *glimpses* into the Smedley Butler experience.
— Avi Wolfman-Arent (@Avi_WA) August 26, 2021
By 1933 — the year of our article — Butler had just lost a U.S. Senate campaign and was sort of a positionless man of prominence. He’d retired from the military. But he was still well known pic.twitter.com/i3zeahRs9U
— Avi Wolfman-Arent (@Avi_WA) August 26, 2021
Thus the Inquirer decided to cover an odd talk he gave to the American Legion’s Women’s Auxiliary.
— Avi Wolfman-Arent (@Avi_WA) August 26, 2021
It was a sort of Tammy-Wynette-themed talk…
“Stick to your men — although men are no good,” Butler told the audience.
The Inky declared him a “man who knows his onions.” pic.twitter.com/RtflRuCiRD
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What makes this really crazy, though, is the juxtaposition of this appearance with what was *actually happening* in Butler’s life.
— Avi Wolfman-Arent (@Avi_WA) August 26, 2021
Because behind the curtain…things were getting…seditious…
That same summer, Butler was approached by a group of conservative businessmen. At first it seemed they wanted him to speak at an American Legion convention.
— Avi Wolfman-Arent (@Avi_WA) August 26, 2021
Then, over the succeeding months, it became apparent the businessmen wanted Butler to help lead a *coup* that would effectively disempower president Franklin D. Roosevelt.
— Avi Wolfman-Arent (@Avi_WA) August 26, 2021
They wanted Butler to run a military state.
The offer included promises of financial support and 500,000 men to literally march on the White House and remove FDR.
— Avi Wolfman-Arent (@Avi_WA) August 26, 2021
According to Butler…some of the most powerful men in the country were involved…including the DuPonts and Prescott Bush (George HW Bush’s grandfather). pic.twitter.com/W1oMt7X25p
Here’s a good synopsis of the fascist plot: https://t.co/fkeAEJeWqk
— Avi Wolfman-Arent (@Avi_WA) August 26, 2021
Butler refused the offer and blew the whistle in testimony to congress in 1934.
— Avi Wolfman-Arent (@Avi_WA) August 26, 2021
He was initially dismissed as a crank, but subsequent investigation confirmed large chunks of his story. pic.twitter.com/FYtS3wP4UP
Now it’s unclear how close this plot came to fruition…or how serious it was. But it does seem to have existed in some form.
— Avi Wolfman-Arent (@Avi_WA) August 26, 2021
And this eccentric Philadelphia war hero was in the middle of it all.
In later years, Butler’s public advocacy took a surprising turn.
— Avi Wolfman-Arent (@Avi_WA) August 26, 2021
He became a critic of the military-industrial complex (before it had that name) and published a short book called “War is a Racket”. According to a biographer, voted for a Socialist presidential candidate in 1936. pic.twitter.com/bz34WIl9YQ
Butler said he’d been a “gangster for capitalism,” and renounced much of the military service that made him so famous.
— Avi Wolfman-Arent (@Avi_WA) August 26, 2021
By the end of his life he was giving talks to pacifist groups…returning, in a sense, to his Quaker roots. pic.twitter.com/6BdltMJyof
He died in 1940…about 18 months before the U.S. entered World War II.
— Avi Wolfman-Arent (@Avi_WA) August 26, 2021
If you’re interested in reading more about Butler, there’s a major book about him due out next year.https://t.co/5pFqLH3IuZ
End thread.
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